1
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Some people divide rulers into two types.

2
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A legitimate Muslim ruler,
to whom allegiance is obligatory.

3
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And a Muslim ruler who is illegitimate,
to whom allegiance is not obligatory.

4
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Both are Muslims, but the second
has more wrongdoing and sins.

5
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Is this distinction correct?

6
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The matter of allegiance is not up to
each individual.

7
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Allegiance belongs to ahl al-hall
wa al-'aqd: scholars and decision-makers.

8
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They are the ones who give
allegiance, and the rest follow them.

9
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It is not a condition that every
Muslim pledge allegiance.

10
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Did women and children pledge?
That was not the case in Islam.

11
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If ahl al-hall wa al-'aqd,
the people of knowledge, pledge first.

12
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Those of sound judgment and statecraft
pledged to the ruler.

13
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The rest must follow them.

14
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Muslims are one hand
and one community.

15
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This is how the ruler
is appointed in Islam.

16
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It is not by elections
nor by everyone having an opinion.

17
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This won't do.
This goes back to:

18
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"When there comes to them
news of security or fear, they spread it."

19
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They chew it over in their gatherings.
Each one wants to solve the problems.

20
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Each one wants to get involved
in the problems. This won't do—chaos.

21
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This is entrusted to
those with authority to decide.

22
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"When there comes to them
news of security or fear, they spread it."

23
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They spread it around.
It became the talk of gatherings.

24
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Each one voices his opinion on it.

25
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The ignorant, the hypocrite,
and the scholar. This won't do.

26
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Had they referred it
to the Messenger.

27
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and to those in authority.

28
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Those able to infer it would know.

29
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"And if not for Allah's favor on you
and mercy, you'd follow Satan save a few."

30
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Public affairs are not for commoners
nor for all to get involved.

31
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Rather, they belong to
Ahl al-hall wal-'aqd among Muslims. Yes.